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Biblical Languages

A guided deep dive into biblical languages — what it is, the historical background, and how it opens up the biblical text.

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You do not need fluency to be helped. A handful of words changes how sentences land.

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Language	Where	What to know
Biblical Hebrew	Most of the Old Testament	Consonantal root system, verbs weighted to aspect over tense, concrete imagery
Aramaic	Parts of Daniel and Ezra; Jesus' daily speech	Empire's common tongue after exile — 'Abba', 'Talitha koum', 'Eloi, Eloi'
Koine Greek	The whole New Testament	Common Greek of the empire; precise participles, tenses that carry aspect

חֶסֶד — hesed
Loyal covenant love that keeps showing up.
Psalm 136
שָׁלוֹם — shalom
Wholeness and right relation, not merely absence of conflict.
Numbers 6:26
רוּחַ — ruach
Breath, wind, Spirit — one word for all three.
Genesis 1:2
נֶפֶשׁ — nephesh
Living being, throat, appetite — a whole self, not a detachable soul.
Genesis 2:7
ἀγάπη — agapē
Self-giving love defined by the cross, not by feeling.
1 John 4:10
μένω — menō
Remain, abide, stay put — the verb behind John 15.
John 15:4
χάρις — charis
Gift/favour — in a patronage world, a benefit that creates loyalty.
Ephesians 2:8
δικαιοσύνη — dikaiosynē
Righteousness/justice — one word English splits in two.
Matthew 6:33
σπλαγχνίζομαι — splanchnizomai
Moved in the gut with compassion.
Mark 6:34

Context first, then application

Hebrew, Aramaic, Koine Greek

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