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Archaeology

A guided deep dive into archaeology — what it is, the historical background, and how it opens up the biblical text.

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Artefacts do not prove faith, but they do fill in the room. Search the finds by site, era, or text.

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Find	Date / discovery	Why it matters
Dead Sea Scrolls	c. 250 BC–AD 68; found 1947–56	Hebrew manuscripts a thousand years older than the Masoretic text — remarkable stability
Tel Dan Stele	9th c. BC; found 1993	Earliest extrabiblical reference to the 'House of David'
Mesha Stele (Moabite Stone)	c. 840 BC; found 1868	Moab's account of war with Israel, naming Israel's God
Hezekiah's Tunnel & Siloam Inscription	c. 701 BC	The water tunnel of 2 Kings 20:20, with its builders' own inscription
Sennacherib's Prism	c. 690 BC	Assyria's boast of shutting Hezekiah 'like a bird in a cage' — and no claim to have taken Jerusalem
Cyrus Cylinder	539 BC	Persian policy of returning exiles, matching Ezra 1
Pilate Stone	AD 26–36; found 1961	Names Pontius Pilate, prefect of Judea
Caiaphas Ossuary	1st c. AD; found 1990	Bone box of the high-priestly family of the Gospels
Crucified man of Giv'at ha-Mivtar	1st c. AD; found 1968	Heel bone with an iron nail — physical evidence of crucifixion practice
Magdala Synagogue & Stone	1st c. AD; found 2009	A Galilean synagogue Jesus plausibly taught in, with temple imagery carved in stone
Pool of Bethesda / Pool of Siloam	Excavated 19th–21st c.	Confirms John's specific, verifiable Jerusalem topography
Rylands Papyrus P52	c. AD 125–175	Earliest known New Testament fragment — John 18, found in Egypt

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